Water can be used as a green solvent for many things like pericyclic reactions, reactions of radicals, and multicomponent reactions. The reason that water is used as a green solvent in many different ways is because it is safe for you and for the environment, there's not cost for using water, and it's also simple to use.
When water is used a a green solvent in a pericyclic reaction known as Diels-Alder water enhances the endo selectivity because the water is cold, so the endos form quicker. In another type of pericyclic reaction called the Claisen Rearrangement, where everything included in it is exothermic, which means that it will show a suprafacial reaction pathway. Since water includes hydrogen it gives a high rate constant of 10.
Water can also be used in the reactions of radicals specifically dehalogenation where organic halides react with phosphinic acid found in aqueous ethanol. Also in deuteration where the organic halides and D3PO2 combined with D2O, which can be assayed in vivo.
Lastly water can be used as a green solvent in multicomponent reactions. In the passerini reaction and the ugi reaction the rate increases about 300 times. When amino acids are gathered they become lactam derivatives.
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